Black Pioneers in the Social Services Field
This Black History Month, FamilyForward is taking time to reflect on the profound impact of Black Americans and the remarkable contributions, sacrifices, and achievements that are intricately woven into the fabric of our country’s history. We honor the legacy of Black pioneers, particularly those who made significant strides in the social services field. Read more to learn how they paved the way for greater social justice, advocacy, and opportunities for marginalized communities.
Mamie Phipps Clark, Ph.D. & Kenneth Bancroft Clark, Ph.D.
Our first Black History Month spotlight honors two trailblazers whose work revolutionized our understanding of race and its psychological impact. Mamie Phipps Clark, Ph.D., and her husband, Kenneth Bancroft Clark, Ph.D., co-conducted the landmark “Doll Study.” This research demonstrated the psychological damage caused by school segregation, which played a critical role in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision, striking down school segregation.
Dr. Mamie Phipps Clark made history as the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology from Columbia University. Meanwhile, Dr. Kenneth Bancroft Clark became the first Black president of the American Psychological Association, a monumental achievement in the field.
Thyra J. Edwards
Thyra J. Edwards was a notable figure in the field of social work, with a passion for child welfare and social justice. As the granddaughter of runaway slaves, Thyra initially worked as a schoolteacher before transitioning to social work. She dedicated her life to advocating for at-risk populations, eventually founding her own children’s home.
Edwards rejected the narrow view that Black social workers should exclusively serve Black communities. Instead, she advocated for a broader, more inclusive approach to social services, championing the needs of diverse populations and focusing on the well-being of women, children, and families.
Jacki McKinney, M.S.W.
Jacki McKinney, M.S.W., was a trauma survivor and passionate advocate for those who faced similar struggles. Jacki’s personal experiences with trauma, addiction, homelessness, and the psychiatric and criminal justice systems fueled her desire to address the gaps in the medical field’s cultural competency.
Her journey led her to become an influential family advocate, specializing in issues affecting African American women and their children. Jacki was a founding National People of Color Consumer/Survivor Network member, advocating for better mental health services and trauma-informed care for marginalized communities.
Robert Lee Williams II, Ph.D.
Dr. Robert Lee Williams II was a visionary in psychology and education. Dr. Williams was a trailblazer in his efforts to address the racial and cultural biases within IQ testing, a tool that had long been used to perpetuate inequality in education. His groundbreaking research on Black children’s education challenged the very foundations of the testing system, leading to more equitable approaches in educational assessments.
As a founding member of the Association of Black Psychologists, Dr. Williams also helped advocate for equal educational opportunities for Black students. He was pivotal in developing the African and African American Studies program at Washington University in St. Louis., further cementing his legacy as a champion for educational equity.
As we reflect on the contributions of these Black pioneers, FamilyForward remains committed to upholding their legacy. Their work in the social services field continues to inspire and guide our efforts in serving underrepresented and marginalized communities. This Black History Month, we celebrate their achievements and are determined to continue advocating for justice, equality, and access to services for all. Learn more about FamilyForward’s commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion here.